{"id":422,"date":"2018-02-27T14:10:33","date_gmt":"2018-02-27T06:10:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.tastestars.com\/?p=422"},"modified":"2018-02-27T14:20:07","modified_gmt":"2018-02-27T06:20:07","slug":"01-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tastestars.com\/index.php\/2018\/02\/27\/01-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u7b14\u8bb0\u3011\u8bed\u97f3\u8bc6\u522b\uff08\u4e0a\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u7b14\u8bb0\u4e3a\u89c2\u770b\u738b\u8d5f\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u7f51\u8bfe\u8bed\u97f3\u8bc6\u522b\u4e4b\u524d\u4e16\u4e4b\u540e\u6240\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u7406\u89e3\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e5\u540e\u590d\u4e60\u7528\u3002<br \/>\n\u6700\u8fd1\u5f88\u7c89\u738b\u8001\u5e08\u5440\uff01<br \/>\n\u8d34\u4e0a\u4ed6\u7684\u77e5\u4e4e\u4e3b\u9875 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zhihu.com\/people\/maigo\/activities\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u738b\u8001\u5e08\u77e5\u4e4e\u9996\u9875<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u5b64\u7acb\u8bcd\u8bc6\u522b<\/h2>\n<h3>\u7279\u5f81\u63d0\u53d6<\/h3>\n<p>\u8bed\u97f3\u8bc6\u522b\u91c7\u6837\u7387\u6700\u4f4e\u4e3a8000Hz\uff0c8000Hz\u521a\u597d\u542c\u6e05\u695a\u8bf4\u7684\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u91c7\u6837\u7387\u66f4\u591a\uff0c<br \/>\n\u5982\u679c\u539f\u6765\u7684\u91c7\u6837\u7387\u4e3a8000Hz\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u9891\u8c31\u4e0a\u9650\u4e3a4000Hz\uff0c\u4e3a\u91c7\u6837\u7387\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u3002\u7531\u5948\u594e\u65af\u72791928\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u9891\u8c31\u5177\u6709\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5305\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7ed3\u6784\u53cd\u6620\u97f3\u9ad8\u7528\u5904\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u5305\u7edc\u53cd\u6620\u97f3\u8272\uff0c\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<br \/>\n\u63d0\u53d6\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7ed3\u6784\u53bb\u6389,\u53ea\u7559\u4e0b\u5305\u7edc.\u901a\u8fc7\u4e09\u89d2\u6ee4\u6ce2\u5b9e\u73b0.\u8ba1\u7b97\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf.\u9891\u8c31(\u5e45\u5ea6\u8c31\u5f97\u5e73\u65b9\u4e00\u4e0b)\u4e58\u4e0a\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u5728\u6a2a\u8f74\u4e0a\u53bb\u79ef\u5206.\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765.\u5f97\u5230\u6ee4\u6ce2\u5668\u7ec4\u8f93\u51fa(Filterbank output,\u8fd1\u4f3c\u9891\u8c31\u5305\u7edc).\u6a2a\u8f74\u5c31\u662f\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u7684\u4e2a\u6570.<br \/>\n\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u4f4e\u9891\u8f83\u5bc6,\u9ad8\u9891\u8f83\u758f.\u6a21\u4eff\u4eba\u8033\u7684\u542c\u89c9\u654f\u611f\u5ea6.<br \/>\n\u518d\u7ecf\u884c\u79bb\u6563\u4f59\u5f26\u53d8\u6362,40\u4e2a\u6570\u53d8\u4e3a13\u4e2a\u6570. MFCC\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7279\u5f81.<br \/>\nMFCC\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u6570\u4e3a\u80fd\u91cf.<br \/>\n\u5c06\u9891\u8c31\u56fe\u62fc\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77,\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u8bed\u8c31\u56fe.<br \/>\n\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e00\u5e27\u7684MFCC\u7cfb\u6570\u62fc\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5c31\u6210\u4e86MFCC\u5e8f\u5217.<\/p>\n<p>\u4f18\u70b9:\u6392\u9664\u57fa\u9891\\\u7b26\u5408\u542c\u89c9\\\u7eac\u5ea6\u4f4e<br \/>\n\u7f3a\u70b9:\u89c6\u91ce\u5c0f,\u53d7\u73af\u5883\u5f71\u54cd\u5927(\u566a\u58f0\\\u56de\u58f0\\\u6ee4\u6ce2)<br \/>\n\u6539\u8fdb:\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u9636\u4e8c\u9636\u5dee\u5206,\u5404\u79cd\u5f52\u4e00\u5316(\u5dee\u5206:\u76f8\u90bb\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u51cf)<\/p>\n<h3>\u52a8\u6001\u5f2f\u7b97\u6cd5 (\u5bf9\u9f50\u7b97\u6cd5)<\/h3>\n<p>DTW<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8ba9\u5f85\u8bc6\u522b\u8bed\u97f3\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5e27\u4e0e\u6a21\u677f\u4e2d\u6700\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u4e00\u5e27\u5339\u914d<\/li>\n<li>\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u987a\u5e8f<\/li>\n<li>\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7b97\u6cd5<br \/>\n\u603b\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e3a\u5404\u5e27\u7684\u6b27\u5f0f\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e4b\u548c<br \/>\n\u627e\u4e00\u79cd\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8ba9\u76f8\u4f3c\u5e27\u53bb\u5339\u914d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>GMM<\/h3>\n<p>\u5c06\u6a21\u677f\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u6a21\u578b<br \/>\n\u7528\u9ad8\u65af\u6df7\u5408\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u62df\u5408\u7279\u5f81\u5206\u5e03.\u9ad8\u65af\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u53e0\u52a0\u5c31\u662f\u9ad8\u65af\u6df7\u5408\u6a21\u578b<br \/>\n\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u5448\u692d\u7403\u72b6<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5747\u503c:\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/li>\n<li>\u534f\u65b9\u5dee:\u692d\u7403\u5f62\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u957f\u5ea6<\/li>\n<li>\u6743\u91cd:\u5404\u4e2a\u692d\u7403\u7684\u6743\u91cd \u671f\u671b\u6700\u5927\u5316(EM\u7b97\u6cd5)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5c06\u6a21\u677f\u5207\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u6bb5\u843d(\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u677f,\u5269\u4f59\u6a21\u677f\u548c\u5b83\u5bf9\u9f50)<\/li>\n<li>\u7528\u9ad8\u65af\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u53e0\u52a0\u62df\u5408\u6bcf\u6bb5\u4e2d\u7279\u5f81\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u5206\u5e03\n<ul>\n<li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u610f\u7279\u5f81\u5411\u91cf\u53ef\u7ed9\u51fa\u6982\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6<br \/>\n\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u672a\u77e5\u8bed\u97f3:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u7528&#8221;\u52a8\u6001\u5f2f&#8221;\u7b97\u6cd5\u5bf9\u9f50\u5f85\u8bc6\u522b\u8bed\u97f3\u4e0e\u6a21\u578b\n<ul>\n<li>\u7528GMM\u6982\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4ee3\u66ff\u7279\u5f81\u5411\u91cf\u95f4\u7684\u6b27\u5f0f\u8ddd\u79bb<\/li>\n<li>\u76f8\u4e58\u5f97\u5230P(\u5f85\u8bc6\u522b\u8bed\u97f3|\u6a21\u578b) \u8fd9\u91cc\u9690\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u5047\u8bbe<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u53d6\u6982\u7387\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a\u8bc6\u522b\u7ed3\u679c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>HMM<\/h3>\n<p>\u5bf9\u97f3\u7d20\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u5efa\u6a21<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6dfb\u52a0\u72b6\u6001\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u6982\u7387(\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u770b\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6,\u5176\u6ca1\u6709\u786e\u5207\u7684\u7269\u7406\u610f\u4e49\u7684)<\/li>\n<li>P(\u8bed\u97f3,\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u5f0f|\u6a21\u578b) = GMM\u89c2\u6d4b\u6982\u7387 * HMM\u8f6c\u79fb\u6982\u7387(\u8bed\u97f3\u548c\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8054\u5408\u6982\u7387)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u9690\u9a6c\u5c14\u53ef\u592b\u6a21\u578b\u7279\u70b9<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9690\u6027:\u7279\u5f81\u5e8f\u5217\u7531\u9690\u72b6\u6001\u4ea7\u751f,\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u5f0f\u672a\u77e5<\/li>\n<li>\u9a6c\u5c14\u53ef\u592b\u6027\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>\u8f6c\u79fb\u6982\u7387\u4e0e\u89c2\u6d4b\u6982\u7387\u53ea\u7531\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u51b3\u5b9a<\/li>\n<li>\u63a8\u8bba:\u72b6\u6001\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u670d\u4ece\u6307\u6570\u5206\u5e03 (\u65e0\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5206\u5e03,\u6307\u6570\u5206\u5e03\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u4e8b\u5b9e,\u4e00\u822c\u72b6\u6001\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u9ad8\u65af\u5206\u5e03,\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f3a\u9677)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>\u8f6c\u79fb\u6982\u7387<\/li>\n<li>\u89c2\u6d4b\u6982\u7387(GMM,\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u5206\u91cf,\u5747\u503c\u534f\u65b9\u5dee)<\/li>\n<li>\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5355\u5411\u7684,\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8ba8\u8bba\u521d\u59cb\u6982\u7387<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>HMM\u4e09\u5927\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6c42\u503c\u95ee\u9898: \u7ed9\u5b9a\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u8bed\u97f3,\u6c42P(\u8bed\u97f3|\u6a21\u578b)\n<ul>\n<li>\u628aP(\u8bed\u97f3,\u5bf9\u9f50|\u6a21\u578b)\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u5f0f\u6c42\u548c<\/li>\n<li>\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7b97\u6cd5:Forward algorithm (\u53ea\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u8f93\u51fa\u6982\u7387GMM)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u89e3\u7801: \u7ed9\u5b9a\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u8bed\u97f3,\u6c42\u6700\u4f73\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u5f0f\n<ul>\n<li>\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7b97\u6cd5: Viterbi decoding<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd9\u662f&#8221;\u52a8\u6001\u5f2f&#8221;\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5347\u7ea7\u7248(\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u8f93\u51fa\u6982\u7387GMM\u548c\u8f6c\u79fb\u6982\u7387HMM)<\/li>\n<li>\u6700\u4f73\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6982\u7387,\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u603b\u6982\u7387\u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8bad\u7ec3: \u7ed9\u5b9a\u8bed\u97f3\u548c\u6a21\u578b\u7ed3\u6784,\u6c42\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u5f0f,\u5c31\u597d\u529e\u4e86.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>EM\u8bad\u7ec3\u7b97\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<p>\u9e21\u751f\u86cb\u86cb\u751f\u9e21\u95ee\u9898:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u5f0f,\u5219\u5bb9\u6613\u6c42\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570,\u4e5f\u5bb9\u6613\u6c42\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u5f0f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5148\u778e\u731c\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u5f0f(\u5982\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5272)<\/li>\n<li>\u7531\u6b64\u6c42\u51fa\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570(M\u6b65)<\/li>\n<li>\u7136\u540e\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u5f0f(E\u6b65)\n<ul>\n<li>\u53ef\u7528Viterbi\u6c42\u6700\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f(\u53ea\u80fd\u6c42\u4e00\u4e2a),\u5b9e\u9645\u7528Forward-backward\u8f6f\u5224\u51b3(\u80fd\u6c42\u591a\u4e2a\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ca\u5176\u6982\u7387)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u6536\u655b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6700\u7136\u4f3c\u7136\u4f30\u8ba1: \u6700\u5927\u5316P(\u8bad\u7ec3\u8bed\u97f3|\u6a21\u578b)<\/p>\n<h3>\u8bed\u97f3\u8bc6\u522b\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u7a0b<\/h3>\n<p>W<sup>*<\/sup>=argmaxP(W|X)=argmaxP(X|W)P(W)\/P(X)=argmaxP(X|W)P(W)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>W<sup>*<\/sup>:\u8bc6\u522b\u7ed3\u679c<\/li>\n<li>W: \u4efb\u4e00\u5355\u8bcd<\/li>\n<li>X: \u5f85\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u8bed\u97f3\u4fe1\u53f7<\/li>\n<li>P(X|W): \u58f0\u5b66\u6a21\u578b(GMM+HMM)<\/li>\n<li>P(W): \u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u6982\u7387<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u8fde\u7eed\u8bed\u97f3\u8bc6\u522b<\/h2>\n<p>W<sup><em><\/sup>=argmaxP(X|W)P(W)<br \/>\nW\u548cW<sup><\/em><\/sup>\u7531\u5355\u8bcd\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e86\u53e5\u5b50<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P(X|W):\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u58f0\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\n<ul>\n<li>\u53ef\u7531\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u58f0\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u7a7f\u8d77\u6765<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>P(W): \u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u6982\u7387&#8211;<strong>\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u901a\u4fd7\u7406\u89e3:\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u662f\u5426\u50cf\u8bdd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u94fe\u5f0f\u6cd5\u5219:\n<ul>\n<li>P(\u76ae\u5361\u76ae\u5361\u4e18)=P(\u76ae)<em>P(\u5361|\u76ae)<\/em>P(\u76ae|\u76ae\u5361)*P(\u5361|\u76ae\u5361\u76ae)&#8230;<\/li>\n<li>\u6839\u636e\u534a\u53e5\u8bdd\u731c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u5f62\u5f0f: n-gram\n<ul>\n<li>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bcd\u81f3\u4e8e\u524dn-1\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6709\u5173\n<ul>\n<li>Bigram(n=2): P(\u76ae\u5361\u76ae\u5361\u4e18)=P(\u76ae)<em>P(\u5361|\u76ae)<\/em>P(\u76ae|\u5361)*P(\u5361|\u76ae)&#8230;<\/li>\n<li>Trigram(n=3): P(\u76ae\u5361\u76ae\u5361\u4e18)=P(\u76ae)<em>P(\u5361|\u76ae)<\/em>P(\u76ae|\u76ae\u5361)*P(\u5361|\u5361\u76ae)<\/li>\n<li>\u5bb9\u6613\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u4f7f\u7528<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f: \u6700\u5927\u71b5\\\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc&#8230;<\/li>\n<li>Bigram\u662f\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u6a21\u578b\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u53ea\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u8bcd\u6709\u5173<\/li>\n<li>\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u904d\u5386\u7684,\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u5411\u7684<\/li>\n<li>\u53ef\u4e0e\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u58f0\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u590d\u5408,\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u95e8\u8bed\u8a00\u7684HMM<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u5927\u91cf\u8bcd\u6c47\u8bed\u97f3\u8bc6\u522b<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u8bad\u7ec3\u5355\u72ec\u7684HMM<br \/>\n\u6539\u6210\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e00\u4e2aHMM<br \/>\nHMM\u7684\u590d\u5408<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u56e0\u7d20HMM\u6309\u8bcd\u5178\u62fc\u63a5\u6210\u5355\u8bcdHMM<\/li>\n<li>\u5355\u8bcdHMM\u4e0e\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u590d\u5408\u4e3a\u8bed\u8a00HMM<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8bad\u7ec3<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u8bb8\u591a\u8bed\u97f3\u548c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u97f3\u7d20\u4e32,\u6c42\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570<\/li>\n<li>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u4e32\u7684HMM\u662f\u5355\u5411\u7684,\u4ecd\u7528EM\u7b97\u6cd5 (\u591a\u97f3\u5b57\u95ee\u9898,\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8bcd\u6cd5\u8f6c\u79fb)<br \/>\n\u89e3\u7801<\/li>\n<li>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u95e8\u8bed\u8a00\u7684HMM\u548c\u4e00\u6761\u8bed\u97f3,\u6c42\u5355\u8bcd\u4e32<\/li>\n<li>\u7528Viterbi\u7b97\u6cd5\u6c42\u6700\u4f73\u8def\u5f84(beam search\u526a\u679d)\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230n-best list \u6216lattice<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u8bed\u97f3\u8bc6\u522b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n<p>\u8bed\u97f3\u4fe1\u53f7->\u7279\u5f81\u63d0\u53d6->\u89e3\u7801\u5668(\u58f0\u5b66\u6a21\u578b(GMM-HMM)\\\u8bcd\u5178\\\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b(Bigram))->\u8bc6\u522b\u7ed3\u679c<br \/>\n\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6807\u51c6:\u8bcd\u9519\u8bef\u7387 (WER)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5:\n<ul>\n<li>\u5c06\u6807\u51c6\u7b54\u6848\u4e0e\u8bc6\u522b\u7ed3\u679c\u5bf9\u9f50<\/li>\n<li>\u7528\u63d2\u5165+\u5220\u9664+\u66ff\u6362\u9519\u8bef\/\u6807\u51c6\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u957f\u5ea6<\/li>\n<li>\u5bf9\u9f50\u662f\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6570\u6700\u5c11<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u6700\u4f18\u5bf9\u9f50\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u552f\u4e00<\/li>\n<li>\u5bf9\u5176\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u5355\u8bcd\u8bfb\u97f3\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027<\/li>\n<li>WER\u53ef\u80fd\u9ad8\u4e8e100%<br \/>\n\u4eba\u7c7b\u505c\u6b47\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7387\u8303\u56f42~4%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u6f58\u591a\u62c9\u9b54\u76d2<\/h2>\n<p>\u8bed\u97f3\u4fe1\u53f7->\u7279\u5f81\u63d0\u53d6->\u89e3\u7801\u5668(\u58f0\u5b66\u6a21\u578b(GMM-HMM)\\\u8bcd\u5178\\\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b(Bigram))->\u8bc6\u522b\u7ed3\u679c<br \/>\n\u6253\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u8865\u4e01<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u6709\u5173\u6a21\u578b<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e24\u4e2aai\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837,\u5206\u522b\u662fai(f,v)\u548cai(n,n)<br \/>\n\u4e24\u4e2an\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837,\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u524d\u540e\u7684\u5355\u8bcd<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u805a\u7c7b\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\u72b6\u6001\u4f1a\u7206\u70b8<\/li>\n<li>\u805a\u7c7b\u6765\u7f29\u5c0f,ai(f,v)\u548cai(n,n)\u53ef\u80fd\u4ecd\u4e0d\u540c,\u4f46ai(m,n)\u4e0eai(n,n)\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u4e00\u6837\u4e86.<br \/>\n\u82f1\u6587\u4fdd\u7559\u51e0\u5343\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u533a\u5206\u5f0f\u8bad\u7ec3<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>EM\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u6700\u5927\u4f3c\u7136\u4f30\u8ba1\n<ul>\n<li>\u6700\u5927\u5316P(X|W),W\u662f\u8bad\u7ec3\u6587\u672c<\/li>\n<li>\u4f46P(X|W<sub>&#8216;<\/sub>\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5927\u4e86),W<sub>&#8216;<\/sub>\u662fW\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u8005<\/li>\n<li>\u5bfc\u81f4P(W|X)\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6700\u5927\u5316<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u533a\u5206\u5f0f\u8bad\u7ec3(discriminative training)\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f18\u5316\u6982\u7387\u7528MMI\u6700\u5927\u5316\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\/\u4f18\u5316\u6b21\u9519\u8bef\u7387<\/li>\n<li>\u8ba9P(X|W)\u5927,\u540c\u65f6\u8ba9P(X|W<sub>&#8216;<\/sub>)\u5c0f<\/li>\n<li>\u7ade\u4e89\u8005: \u6765\u81ea\u6700\u5927\u4f3c\u7136\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f93\u51fa\u7684n-best list \u6216lattice<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba\u9002\u5e94<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba\u76f8\u5173\u8bad\u7ec3(speaker dependent training)\n<ul>\n<li>\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u65f6,\u4e13\u95e8\u6536\u96c6\u7279\u5b9a\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba\u9002\u5e94(speaker adaptation) \u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8f6c\u79fb\u5b66\u4e60\n<ul>\n<li>\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65f6,\u628a\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5f85\u8bc6\u522b\u8bed\u97f3\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u6574\u4f53\u5e73\u79fb,\u4f7f\u4e8c\u8005\u4e92\u76f8\u9002\u5e94<\/li>\n<li>\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u65ad\u66f4\u65b0,\u9010\u6b65\u9002\u5e94\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba\u9002\u5e94\u8bad\u7ec3(speaker adaptive training)\n<ul>\n<li>\u518d\u8bad\u7ec3\u65f6,\u63d0\u53d6\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba\u7684\u7279\u5f81(i-vector:\u7528\u6bd4\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u5411\u91cf,\u4ee3\u8868\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba\u7684\u7279\u70b9),\u4e0e\u58f0\u5b66\u7279\u5f81\u4e00\u540c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8f93\u5165<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u4e8c\u6b21\u6253\u5206(\u89e3\u51b3\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u95ee\u9898)<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u53ea\u80fd\u5229\u7528n-gram\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\n<ul>\n<li>HMM\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u968fn\u6307\u6570\u589e\u957f<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd8\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7f16\u7a0b\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e00\u822c\u53ea\u7528bigram<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\n<ul>\n<li>\u7528bigram\u8bc6\u522b\u5f97n-best list\u6216lattice<\/li>\n<li>\u7528\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53e5\u5b50\u91cd\u65b0\u6253\u5206,\u9009\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u89e3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8865\u4e01\u786e\u5b9e\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86WER<br \/>\n\u4f46\u662f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bbe\u5f97\u590d\u6742\u5230\u96be\u4ee5\u9a7e\u9a6d<\/li>\n<li>\u5404\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u5355\u72ec\u8bad\u7ec3\u5f97,\u7528\u529b\u5e76\u4e0d\u7edf\u4e00<br \/>\n\u5929\u4e0b\u5927\u52bf\u5206\u4e45\u5fc5\u5408<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Kaldi<br \/>\nHCLG HMM Context Lexicon Gramma<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7b14\u8bb0\u4e3a\u89c2\u770b\u738b\u8d5f\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u7f51\u8bfe\u8bed\u97f3\u8bc6\u522b\u4e4b\u524d\u4e16\u4e4b\u540e\u6240\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u7406\u89e3\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e5\u540e\u590d\u4e60\u7528\u3002 \u6700\u8fd1\u5f88\u7c89\u738b\u8001\u5e08\u5440\uff01 \u8d34\u4e0a\u4ed6 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-422","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-python"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p9Hs6X-6O","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tastestars.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/422","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tastestars.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tastestars.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tastestars.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tastestars.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=422"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/tastestars.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/422\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":430,"href":"https:\/\/tastestars.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/422\/revisions\/430"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tastestars.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=422"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tastestars.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=422"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tastestars.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=422"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}